Coming together after conflict: Power-based differences in reconciliation

Abstract

When resolving conflicts, the process of reconciliation must occur for groups to effectively move forward together. However, treating groups as equals can undermine attempts to reconcile. This paper examines how differences in power affect the role of groups within reconciliation, as well as how they may react to reconciliation attempts. Differences in power can be nuanced and can lead to both groups to view themselves as victimized. However, advantaged and disadvantaged groups react differently to different reconciliation attempts. Advantaged groups tend to benefit from recognizing both groups as members of a larger category, acknowledging that both groups are victims, and being seen as moral. Disadvantaged groups on the other hand tend to recognize both groups as connected but distinct, feel overlooked by statements that both groups are victims, and seek an increase in power. Furthermore, while both advantaged and disadvantaged groups feel more motivated to reconcile when made to feel positive emotions such as hope and empathy, negative emotions such as guilt or shame can also motivate advantaged groups to reconcile. However, reconciliation efforts can be hindered when groups do not believe that they will be effective, a belief that may be higher in disadvantaged groups. Overall, a critical analysis demonstrates that power differences are tied to the effectiveness of certain reconciliation strategies, indicating the importance of recognizing group differences when promoting reconciliation.